.... the belief that people can actively work to create a better world. A spirit of social reform characterized the political ideology of Enlightenment philosophers. While Voltaire’s Candide is heavily characterized by the primary concerns of the Enlightenment, it also criticizes certain aspects of the movement. It attacks the idea that optimism, which holds that rational thought can inhibit the evils perpetrated by human beings. Voltaire did not believe in the power of reason to overcome contemporary social conditions. In Candide, Voltaire uses Pangloss and his ramblings to represent an often humorous characterization of the “typical� optimist. .....

.... of the surrounding areas. " The familiar gray landscape." (30) The dis-pair and loneliness that Iona feels are sorrow. "May it do you good . . . But my son is dead, mate . . . Do you hear?" (33). Iona desperately wants to tell about his sons' death, and how it is affecting him. "He wants to tell how his son was taken ill, how he suffered, what he said before he died, how he died"(34). Ionas' son has died, and he feels as though it should have been he to the grave instead of his youthful son. "My son ought to be driving not I"(34). The gray dismal surroundings entrap Iona and make the desolation worse for him. "Iona Potapov, the sledge-driver, .....

.... or presence of a vampire. For example, in the latter of the book Van Helsing uses a Host to prevent Dracula to enter his coffin. Another time, during the night Van Helsing and Lucy stay out near the courtyard of Castle Dracula, Van Helsing makes a (Holy circle) with the Host to keep vampires out and to keep Mina safe in the (Holy circle). Another time when the Host is used as a deterrence of vampires is at the time Van Helsing and the other men are going to leave Mina alone in the house. Van Helsing touches a Host to Mina's forehead and it burns into her head since she, herself, was unclean. Another abstruction of the Christian religion wo .....

.... from the traditional by emphasizing the language of Baumer’s pre- and post-enlistment societies. Baumer either can not, or chooses not to, communicate truthfully with those representatives of his pre-enlistment and innocent days. Further, he is repulsed by the banal and meaningless language that is used by members of that society. As he becomes alienated from his former, traditional, society, Baumer simultaneously is able to communicate effectively only with his military comrades. Since the novel is told from the first person point of view, the reader can see how the words Baumer speaks are at variance with his true feelings. In .....

.... would discourage most people. The use of this particular hiding place appears affective. It is not likely that Mme. Defarge would attempt this limb. Mme. Defarge's behavior appears to be secretive. Because there are strangers in the taver, Mme. Defarge warns her husband with gentle coughs and raises her eyebrows to get his attention. Mme. Defarge said nothing...but coughed just one grain of cough. This, in combination with lifting her darkly defined eyebrows suggesting to her husband that it would do him well to look around the shop.(pg. 28). The reader, at this point, becomes aware of the same secrecy between the Defarges but is unsure why. Char .....

.... to Santiago's feelings. He even offers to disobey his parents and accompany Santiago on his fishing trips. Santiago is viewed as an outcast in his village because he has not caught any fish for more than eighty-four days and is therefore "unlucky". Nonetheless Manolin is loyal to Santiago and even when his parents forbid him he wants to help his friend. Their conversations are comfortable, like that of two friends who have known each other for a long time. When they speak it is usually about baseball or fishing, the two things they have most in common. Their favorite team is the Yankees and Santiago never loses faith in them even when the star pl .....

.... for a place to show sin in the beginning of the story when Hester is displayed on it. Also during this scene it was used to isolate her from the rest of the community. Then later in the story it is used again when Arthur stands up on the platform of the scaffold giving false penance, which drives him further into isolation. Then at the end of the story it is used again to reunite Arthur with himself, the community and God before dies. It is also used in this scene to reunite Pearl with herself making her normal. He also used the cottage where Hester lived has a place of isolation for her. The cottage was just out side the sphere of the commun .....

.... whose ideas were to lead to the communist revolution. Animal Farm is a criticism of Karl Marx, as well as a novel perpetuating his convictions of democratic Socialism. (Zwerdling, 20). Lenin became leader and teacher of the working class in Russia, and their determination to struggle against capitalism. Like Old Major, Lenin and Marx wrote essays and gave speeches to the working class poor. The working class in Russia, as compared with the barnyard animals in Animal Farm, were a laboring class of people that received low wages for their work. Like the animals in the farm yard, the people is Russia thought there would be no oppression in a new soci .....

.... The poem appears to be about a lover, but in fact was written about "Byron's cousin, Anne Wilmot, whom he met at a party in a mourning dress of spangled black" (Leung 312). This fact, the black dress that was brightened with spangles, helps the reader to understand the origin of the poem. Byron portrays this, the mixing of the darkness and the light, not by describing the dress or the woman's actions, but by describing her physical beauty as well as her interior strengths. In the beginning of the poem, the reader is given the image of darkness: ", like the night," but then the line continues explaining that the night is cloudless and the stars .....

.... tiny men about six inches high, natives of the land of Lilliput. He is released from his prone position only to be confined in a ruined temple by ninety-one tiny but unbreakable chains. In spite of his predicament, Gulliver is at first impressed by the intelligence and organizational abilities of the Lilliputians. In this section, Swift introduces us to the essential conflict of Book I: the naive, ordinary, but compassionate "Everyman" at the mercy of an army of people with "small minds". Because they are technologically adept, Gulliver does not yet see how small-minded the Lilliputians are. In Chapter II, the Emperor of Lilliput arrives to take a .....