.... been one of disasters caused by the Union and coinciding with the defeat of the Confederate leader General Robert E. Lee at Gettysburg, marked the turning point of the war. The first serious attempt to take control of Vicksburg was an expedition commanded by General W. T. Sherman who went down to Mississippi and attacked Confederacy positions immediately north of town, while another army under General Ulysess S. Grant marched overland from the northern part of Mississippi. General Sherman's army failed when his attack on Chickasaw Bluffs was easily defeated , and General Grant was forced to retreat when his supply lines were cut by the confederate c .....

.... in the surrounding hills. The Sicilians formed a secret society to unite the natives against the Arab and Norman invaders. This secret society was called Mafia after the Arabic word for refuge. The society's intentions were to create a sense of family based on ancestry and Sicilian heritage. In the 1700's, pictures of a black hand were distributed to the wealthy. This was an unspoken request for an amount of money in return for protection. If the money was not paid, the recipients could expect violence such as kidnappings, bombings, and murder. By the nineteenth century, this society grew larger and more criminally oriented. In 1876, Mafia Don R .....

.... of the bible, scholars have tried to determine the author, date of writing, purpose of the text and the historical and chronological order of events. The author is unknown. Some scholars believe Zabud, son of the prophet Nathan, a priest and the “personal adviser” to King Solomon, wrote the text shortly after Solomon’s death. Others believe Samuel himself wrote the text, while some scholars believe the priest, Ahimaaz, was the author. Most do agree that the composition and editing took place in several stages over a considerable period of time. Scholars also believe the text of 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel were originally one manusc .....

.... to carry out this Holy War? Many people believed (because this is what the Pope told them) that all of their sins would be forgiven if they carried out this momentous task. They were practically guaranteed a place in heaven. Other crusaders went in search of gold and riches that they would take after plundering the Jewish and Muslim villages. Many younger sons of aristocrats went in search of land because their older brother had inherited the family’s land. An additional reason for men and women to go fight may have been pride. “Keeping up with the Jones’s” is not a new concept. Many people may have felt pressured to .....

.... to the nature of the society that produced them. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art. Architectural form is inevitably influenced by the technologies applied, but building technology is conservative and knowledge about it is cumulative. Precast concrete, for instance, has not rendered brick obsolete. Although design and construction have become highly sophisticated and are often computer directed, this complex apparatus rests on preindustrial traditions inherited from millennia during which most structures were lived in by the people who erected them. The technical demands on building remain the el .....

.... the United States before the Spanish invasion roamed among a 2 large continents. Today the Indians are restricted to reserves or “reservations�. Their land has been taken from them, and little if any was given in return. The people who live among these reservations try to preserve the “old way of life.� Another thing taken from the Indians of Americas was their way of life. One thing almost all people hold close to their heart is their way of life whatever it may be. The Indians however were persecuted for their beliefs and either killed or converted to the “Spanish Catholicism� or many other varying ways of life. This conversion did .....

.... different from all. Cuban values stress collective wealth and collective political awareness. People who have lived in the Cuban social system may be struck negatively by the materialism, winner-take-all capitalism, individualism, competition, crime, and racism of the United States. It may be difficult for them to see positive aspects of American culture. Their negative view may be amplified by their economic situation. They may be living in poor areas, going to poorer schools, and at the same time being bombarded by advertising and an unbelievable array of consumer goods. Cuba is traditionally a Catholic country, but its Catholicism is much modifi .....

.... quickly mowed down and in this way millions of people lost their lives. The only way for the armies to have some type of protection from the machine guns was to dig trenches. Someone even said that the most important weapon the soldiers had was their shovel. In the following years many waves of charges were made over the top of No Mans Land and nearly every single one was shot down and died. This type of warfare had never ever been seen by the army and some people claimed that it wasn't war of strength it was a war of attrition, that is that the winner would be the person with more people and supplies. In between the trenches was an area called No .....

.... view the West, especially the United States, as the foremost corrupting influence on the Islamic world today. The Hizballah have taken this further by labeling the Unites States as "the Great Satan."(22) This growing animosity the Islamic nations feel toward the Western world has been continually demonstrated by the increase in international terrorism. However, Muslims do not view their actions as acts of terrorism, but self defense and their religious duty. The Islamic radical movements main success or failure has been their ability to gain legitimacy from the general public or from the greater part of it in each Muslim country.(14) During t .....

.... army was separated into three main armies. He led a group of about 220,000 himself. About 80,000 men were led by Prince Eugene de Beauharnais to the right rear of Napoleon. Further to the rear was a third group, also of about 80,000 men, led by Napoleon’s brother Jerome (Lefebvre 311-312). The Russian forces were led by field marshal Mikhail Kutuzov. In the beginning, the French won most of the battles, using pontoon bridges to cross the numerous rivers and streams. However, as Napoleon advanced deeper into Russian land, his supplies did not. When Napoleon carefully planned his supply trains paths, movements, etc., he did not take into con .....