.... of the victims, all served to make the plague particularly ghastly. With the loss of about one-third of Europe’s population, serious political, social, and economic problems arose. Politically the plague didn’t have much effect on Europe. The Hundred Years’ War was being fought, and the plague added more fatalities to the war. The war was suspended and the fighting stopped in 1348 because of the number of soldiers that died. But it soon enough started back up. There was no permanent effect on the course of politics. Parliaments were adjourned, but were quickly reconvened. King Alfonso XI of Castile was the only reigning monarch to di .....

.... of trying to survive in the slums of England haunted him all of his life, and he would later devote many of his books to the retelling of his experiences. Dickens was saved from this situation when his father was released from prison. From 1825 to 1827, Dickens again attended school for two years of formal schooling at Wellington House Academy in Hamstead. For the most part, however, he was self-educated. In 1827, dickens took a job as a legal clerk. By 1829, he had become a free-lance reporter at Doctor’s Commons Courts. He had become a very successful shorthand reporter of Parliamentary debates in the House of Commons and began work .....

.... that avoided the loss of as many as a million lives in the upcoming invasion of the Island of Kyushu. But while the attacks brought peace, they were also two of the worst-caused disasters. United States was willing to use nuclear weapons at whatever expense to enemy forces, civilians, infrastructure, or, indeed, the global environment. Many issues have been unresolved and have created a debate on the proliferation and use of the nuclear arms as a result of this. Hiroshima marks a powerful psychological turning point in our attitude toward our own science and technology, because it not only exceeded all previous limits in destruction but had, in .....

.... and economically. On Lincoln's death, Vice President Andrew Johnson became President and held that Reconstruction was the job of the President, not Congress. Unlike Lincoln who knew how to Compromise, Johnson was a stubborn man. His policies were based on what he thought was Lincoln's goals. They included charity toward the former Confederates and the creation of new government states. These governments, Johnson said, must forbid slavery. They must also accept the supreme power of the federal government. With Johnson's strong thoughts and views, Reconstruction started immediately. Congress was not in session when Johnson took over as Presiden .....

.... (1926-1945), the presence of Emperor Showa was like that of a god and he was more of a religious figure than a political one (Scoggins 276-277). In public schools, students were taught to die for the emperor. By late 1944, a slogan of Jusshi Reisho meaning "Sacrifice life," was taught (Morimoto 148-151). Most of the pilots who volunteered for the suicide attacks were those who were born late in the Taisho period (1912-1926) or in the first two or three years of Showa. Therefore, they had gone through the brainwashing education, and were products of the militaristic Japan. In 1944 the General Staff had considered mounting organized suicide attacks, .....

.... that officially ended military actions against Germany (Craig 424). Germans did not like this treaty because their government would have to pay other countries for their economic losses (Allen 57). Germany also lost all of its colonies overseas. It had to give back provinces to France, Belgium, and Denmark. France got German coal mines and Gda sk, now a city in Poland, became a "free city." Poland gained most of Western Prussia and Germany's Rhineland was demilitarized, although allied troops occupied it for fifteen years after the war (Shirer 59). The Treaty also solely held Germany responsible for the War in a "war guilt" clause which greatly .....

.... limit the potential for political cooperation among people of ordinary means…" This shows how the "founding federalist" believed the common person should not be part of political actions. On one hand you have the constitution fragmenting the government. On the other hand you have the constitution separating people from the government. The goal of the authors of the constitution was to create a system of government that existed in complete political deadlock because it never allowed any part of the system to be unified. Geological characteristics also help to fragment the nation. The U.S. is one of the largest nations in the world. As th .....

.... climate and improved agricultural techniques allowed lands that had previously been marginal or even infertile to become fully productive. In the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, however, the climate once again began to cool and agricultural innovations could not maintain the productivity of frontier lands that again became marginal or were abandoned entirely. The decreased agricultural output could no longer support the same level of economic activity and, as early as the middle of the thirteenth century, the economy was beginning to weaken. By early in the fourteenth century and continuing well into that century, a declini .....

.... intoxicating liquor as anything having an alcohol content of more than 0.5 percent, omitting alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes; this act set up guidelines for enforcement as well (Altman 15). Prohibition was meant to reduce the consumption of alcohol, and thereby reduce crime, poverty, death rates, and improve the economy and general quality of life. This, however, was undoubtedly to no avail. After the Volstead Act was put into place to determine precise laws and methods of enforcement, the Federal Prohibition Bureau was developed in order to see that the Volstead Act was enforced. Nevertheless, these laws were frequently violate .....

.... have been the only option that would force Japan to surrender. Understanding the decisions and the outcomes that take place during this time of war will better our knowledge and decision-making in the future. Over a century ago the first atomic bomb was created in Los Alamos, New Mexico. It was created by a top-secret operation code named the Manhattan Project. Three weeks after the first test of the atomic bomb President Truman made the decision at a war time conference, in Potsdam Germany, to use the atomic bomb on Japan. The first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 destroying the city and killing and estimated total of 70,000 no .....